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On bending stress

 

 

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Tall buildings must have a system to resist bending which satisfies three needs :
[1] The building must not overturn from the combined forces of wind and gravity.
[2] The building must not break.
[3] The building must not be strained beyond the limit of elastic recovery.

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The resistance to strain from bending is powerfully affected by the way columns or walls carrying gravity are arranged in plan(see drawings at right).

A. Á¤¹æÇü °Ç¹°¿¡¼­´Â ÃÖ´ë ÈÚ°­¼ºÀ» °®´Â ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ Æò¸éÀº Áß·ÂÇÏÁßÀ» ¸ð¼­¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ³× °³ÀÇ ±âµÕ¿¡ ÁýÁß½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Æò¸éÀº ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ÈÚË­Óø, ˧àõ ±×¸®°í Àüµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀúÇ×¼ºÀ» °®´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÀÌ °æ¿ì ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ ÈÚ°­¼ºÁö¼ö(bending rigidity index, BRI)ÀÎ 100À» °®´Â´Ù. ÀÌ ÈÚ°­¼ºÁö¼ö´Â ÅëÇÕµÈ ÈڽýºÅÛ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â °Ç¹° Æò¸é»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ±âµÕµéÀÇ ÃÑ °ü¼º¸ð¸àÆ®ÀÇÇÕÀÌ´Ù.(¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁø ¿¹¿¡¼­, ÃѱâµÕ´Ü¸éÀº ¸ðµç Æò¸é¿¡¼­ ¸ðµÎ °°´Ù°í °¡Á¤µÈ´Ù.)

A. For a square building, the ideal plan for maximum bending rigidity concentrates gravity loads on four corner columns. This plan has maximum bending strength, rigidity, and overturning resistance and therefore has been assigned the ideal Bending Rigidity Index of 100. The Bending Rigidity Index(BRI) is the total moment of inertia of all the columns of a building plan participating as an integrated bending system.(For the examples given below, it is assumed that the total column cross section is the same for each plan.)

B. ¿¥ÆÄÀÌ¾î ½ºÅ×ÀÌÆ® ºôµùó·³ °ú°ÅÀÇ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ °íÃþ °Ç¹°Àº ¸ðµç ±âµÕµéÀ» ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý±â´Â ÈÚ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ºÎºÐµé·Î¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ °£°ÝÀ» °¡Áö°í ¹è¿­µÈ ±âµÕµéÀÇ °æ¿ì ÈÚ°­¼ºÁö¼ö´Â 33ÀÌ´Ù.

B. The traditional tall building of the past, such as the Empire State Building, used all columns as part of the wind-bending system. For columns arranged with regular bays, the BRI is 33.

C. 1960³â´ë¿Í 70³â´ëÀÇ Çö´ëÀûÀÎ °íÃþ°Ç¹°µéÀº Á¼Àº °£°ÝÀ¸·Î °¡±îÀÌ ¹èÄ¡µÈ Æò¸é¿Ü°¢ ±âµÕµé°ú ¿©±â¼­ ¿¤¸®º£ÀÌÅÍ ÄÚ¾î±îÁö ±æ°Ô »¸Àº ½ºÆÒÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù-ÀÌ·± ¹è¿­À» "Æ©ºê"¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ¸¸¾à Æò¸é¿Ü°¢ÀÇ ¿ÜÁֺΠ±âµÕµé¸¸ÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý±â´Â ÈÚ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù¸é, ÈÚ°­¼ºÁö¼ö´Â 33ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± Æò¸é À¯ÇüÀÇ ¿¹´Â ´º¿å¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ¿ùµå Æ®·¹ÀÌµå ¼¾ÅÍÀÌ´Ù.

C. A modern tall building of the 1960s and 70s had closely spaced exterior columns and long clear spans to the elevator core-an arrangement called a "tube." If only the perimeter columns are used in the wind-bending system, the Bending Rigidity Index is 33. An example of this plan type is the World Trade Center in New York City.

D. ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ ÃÖ°í·Î ³ôÀº ½ÃÄ«°íÀÇ ½Ã¾î½º Ÿ¿ö´Â ±× °Ç¹°ÀÇ ¸ðµç ±âµÕµéÀ» "´Ù¹ßÆ©ºê"¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â Çü»óÀÇ ÈڽýºÅÛÀÇ ºÎºÐµé·Î¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö¸¸ ÈÚ°­¼ºÁö¼öµµ ¶ÇÇÑ 33ÀÌ´Ù.

D. The world's tallest building is the Sears Tower in Chicago. It uses all of its columns as part of the wind-bending system in a configuration called a "bundled tube," but also has a Bending Rigidity Index of 33.

E. ½ÃƼÄß ¼¾ÅÍ Å¸¿öµµ ¸ðµç ±âµÕµéÀÌ ÈڽýºÅÛÀÇ ºÎºÐµé·Î »ç¿ëµÇÁö¸¸, ±âµÕµéÀÌ Æò¸é ¸ð¼­¸®¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾î¼­ ÈÚ°­¼ºÁö¼ö´Â 31·Î ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù.

E. The Citicorp Tower uses all of its columns as part of its wind-bending system, but because columns could not be placed in the corners, its Bending Rigidity Index is reduced to 31.

F. ±âµÕµéÀÌ ¸ð¼­¸®·Î À̵¿Çϸé ÈÚ°­¼ºÁö¼ö´Â 56À¸·Î Áõ°¡µÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁßÀ» ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â Äھ 8°³ÀÇ ±âµÕÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÈÚ°­¼ºÁö¼ö´Â 100¿¡¼­ 56À¸·Î ¶³¾îÁø´Ù.

F. If the columns were moved to the corners, the Bending Rigidity Index would be increased to 56. Because there are eight columns in the core supporting loads, the BRI falls short of 100.

G. ÈÞ½ºÅÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¿ì½º¿þ½ºÆ® ÀºÇàÀÇ Æò¸éÀº ÈÚ°­¼ºÁö¼ö 63À» °¡Áö¸ç ÈÚ°­¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ °ª¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÑ´Ù. ±âµÕµéÀº ¾à°£¾¿ ¹Ì²ô·¯Á®¼­ ¸ð¼­¸®¿¡¼­ ºñÄÑ À§Ä¡ÇØ ÀÖ¾î ³»ºÎ »ç¹«¼Ò °ø°£¿¡¼­ ÁÁÀº ½Ã¾ß¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

G. The plan of the Bank of the Southwest in Houston approaches the realistic ideal for bending rigidity with a BRI of 63. The columns were split and displaced from the corners to allow generous views from office interiors.